Christ as Life-giving Spirit (1 Cor 15:45) in Ancient Christian Reception
Kulcsszavak:
Patristic exegesis, Valentnianism, I Cor 15:45, Patristic Christology
Absztrakt
In Paul’s chapter on the resurrection of the dead we read, “Thus it is written, «the first human, Adam, became a living being»; the last Adam became life-giving Spirit” (1 Cor 15:45, my trans.). This paper deals with the reception of the last words of this text in ancient Christianity. Generally, they were understood to regard the spiritual vivification of human beings who had come to believe in Christ, so that he, as life-giving Spirit, brought about this regeneration. Several authors relate this clause also, or in the first place, to the final resurrection. Moreover, Origen and Didymus apply it to believers who became a “lifegiving spirit” themselves. 1 Cor 15:45c was also quoted in the Christological debates as a proof text either of Christ’s humanity (Adam) and his divinity (Spirit), or of his humanity, without downplaying his divinity, or of his divinity without denying his humanity, or of his divinity exclusively (Apollinaris). Theodore of Mopsuestia conceives it as a reference to Christ’s own resurrection. To several ancient authors this rare expression must have been puzzling.
Hivatkozások
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Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 2001.
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The Greek New Testament, Dirk Jongkind – Peter Williams (eds.), Crossway, Wheaton IL – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017.
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The New Testament: The Greek Text Underlying the English Authorised Version of 1611, Trinitarian Bible Society, London [1976].
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Ancient Authors
Ambrose, De fide ad Gratianum, Otto Faller (ed.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 78, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1962.
Ambrose, De institutione virginis et sanctae Mariae virginitate perpetua, Franco Gori (ed. and trans.), Sancti Ambrosii Episcopi Mediolanensis Opera 14,2, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan 1989.
Ambrose, De interpellatione Iob et Dauid. De fuga saeculi, Karl Schenkl (ed.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32,2, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1897.
Ambrose, De paradiso. De Cain et Abel, Karl Schenkl (ed.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32,1, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1896.
Ambrose, Epistulae et acta, epistularum libri I-VI, Otto Faller (ed.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82,2, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1962.
Ambrose, Explanatio Psalmi CXVIII, Michael Petschenig – Michaela Zelzer (eds.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 64, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999.
Ambrose, Expositio in Evangelium secundum Lucam, Gabriel Tissot (ed. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 45, 52, Cerf, Paris 1956-1958.
Ambrose, Expositio Psalmorum XII, Michael Petschenig – Michaela Zelzer (eds.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 64, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999.
Ambrose, Orationes funebres II: De excessu fratris libri II, Victoria Zimmerl-Panagl (ed.), Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 107, De Gruyter, Berlin 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110764192
Apollinaris of Laodicea, Fragmenta in Psalmos, Ekkehard Mühlenberg (ed.), Patristische Texte und Studien 15, De Gruyter, Berlin, 1975. Basil of Caesarea, De Spiritu Sancto, Benoît Pruche (ed. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 17bis, Cerf, Paris 1968. Clement of Alexandria, Eclogae propheticae, Carlo Nardi (ed. and trans.), Biblioteca Patristica 4, Nardini, Florence 1985.
Clement of Alexandria, Excerpta e Theodoto, François Sagnard (ed. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 23, Cerf, Paris 1948.
Clement of Alexandria, Paedagogus II, Claude Mondésert – Henri-Irénée Marrou (eds. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 108, Cerf, Paris 1965.
Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis IV, Annewies van den Hoek – Claude Mondésert (eds. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 463, Cerf, Paris 2001.
Cyril of Alexandria, Commentaries on Romans, 1-2 Corinthians, and Hebrews, David R. Maxwell (trans.) – Joel C. Elowsky (ed.), Ancient Christian Texts, InterVarsity Press Academic, Downers Grove, IL 2022.
Cyril of Alexandria, Commentarii in primam epistulam ad Corinthios, Konrad F. Zawadzki (ed. and trans.), Traditio Exegetica Graeca 16, Peeters, Leuven 2015.
Cyril of Alexandria, Glaphyra, J. P. Migne (ed.), Patrologia Graeca 69, Paris 1864.
Cyril of Alexandria, G laphyra on the Pentateuch, vol. 1, Nicholas P. Lunn (trans.), Fathers of the Church 137, Catholic University of America Press, Washington DC 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbtzkwj
Cyril of Alexandria, Quod unus sit Christus, G.M. de Durand (ed. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 97, Cerf, Paris 1964.
Cyril of Alexandria, Thesaurus de sancta consubstantiali Trinitate, J. P. Migne (ed.), Patrologia Graeca 75, Paris 1863.
Das Berliner “Koptische Buch” (P 20915). Eine wiederhergestellte frühchristlich-theologische Abhandlung, Gesine Schenke Robinson – Hans-Martin Schenke – Uwe-Karsten Plisch (eds. and trans.), Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 610-611, Scriptores Coptici 49-50, Peeters, Leuven 2004. Didymus of Alexandria, Commentarii in Genesim vol. 1, Pierre Nautin – Louis Doutreleau (eds. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 233, Cerf, Paris 1977.
Didymus of Alexandria, Commentarii in Zacchariam, vol. 2, Louis Doutreleau (ed. and trans.), Sources Chrétiennes 84, Cerf, Paris 1962.
Gregory of Nyssa, Adversus Macedonios de Spiritu Sancto. Antirrheticus adversus Apollinarium, Friedrich Müller (ed.), Gregorii Nysseni Opera 3,1, Brill, Leiden 1958.
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