Site suitability assessment of pumped-hydro energy storage facilities in the Northern Hungary region

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify sites in a Northern Hungarian area where small-scale pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES) facilities could be developed. During the study, we searched for sites consisting of surface waters, open-pit and underground mines, and greenfield areas where two water storage basins could be created. The planned energy storage facilities have a small capacity range (1-20 MWh), and their construction and operation are expected to have a moderate environmental impact due to their size. The 2 665 km² area was examined in a geographic information system (GIS) environment with a digital elevation model and vector data. Using GIS software and modern procedures, we conducted a site suitability study, taking into account several factors using a multi-criteria decision-making method. Taking into account international benchmarks and good practices, and applying the specific technical parameters of the PHES technology, the sites were subjected to a multi-stage selection. Finally, 21 locations were selected, which are illustrated by three-dimensional visualizations. Based on the course of the study, the developed methodology is suitable for determining the locations of small-scale PHES s, and according to the results, the sample area is particularly suitable for the implementation of these facilities. The study was carried out by F4STER – Future 4 Zrt. and the authors on behalf of EB Hungary Invest Kft. The content of the article is published with the consent of the client and with respect for industrial secrets, without specific designation of potential facility locations.