Mikroműanyag-szennyezés vizsgálata magyarországi folyó-szakaszokon
Absztrakt
A mikroműanyagok, azaz az 5 mm-nél kisebb műanyag részecskék napjaink egyik legsürgetőbb globális környezeti problémájává váltak. A nem megfelelő újrahasznosítási gyakorlatok következtében a műanyagok bejutnak és hosszú ideig megmaradnak a környezetben, miközben kisebb részecskékre bomlanak. Ezek a részecskék folyók által terjedhetnek, felhalmozódhatnak az ökoszisztémákban, ahol jelentős kockázatot jelentenek a növény- és állatvilágra, valamint potenciálisan az emberi egészségre is. Ez a tanulmány a folyami mikroműanyag-szennyezést vizsgálja Európa második legnagyobb folyója, a Duna magyar szakaszán és annak mellékfolyóiban. A Duna létfontosságú vízforrást jelent Budapest számára, és kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszik a régió gazdaságában és ökológiai egyensúlyában. A vízmintákat a folyó különböző mélységeiből gyűjtöttük egy többszintes planktonháló segítségével. Korszerű laboratóriumi technikákat, köztük Fourier-transzformációs infravörös spektroszkópiát és digitális mikroszkópiát alkalmaztunk a gyűjtött mikroműanyagok azonosítására és jellemzésére. Emellett áramlásméréseket végeztünk a tömegáramok becsléséhez. Ezek az eredmények hozzájárulnak a mikroműanyag-szennyezés megértéséhez, kezeléséhez és csökkentéséhez szükséges hatékony intézkedések kidolgozásához. Az eredmények alapján az átlagos mikroműanyag-koncentráció 0,311 mg/m³ volt, ami 142 részecske/m³-nek felel meg. A leggyakrabban azonosított polimerek a polisztirol, a polietilén és a polipropilén voltak, amelyek főként törmelék, hab és pelyhek formájában fordultak elő. A mikroműanyagok színe változatos volt, többek között sárga, fekete, szürke és zöld árnyalatokat mutattak.
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