OxiTop mikrokozmosz modell, mint lehetséges eszköz az antibiotikumok mikrobiális közösségre gyakorolt hatásainak vizsgálatára
Absztrakt
A felszíni vizek bakteriális közössége kulcsfontosságú eleme a szennyvízbevezetések helyén zajló öntisztulásnak, azonban az antibiotikum rezisztencia kialakulása körükben is mind nagyobb figyelmet érdemel. Az Egészségügyi Világszervezet (WHO) szerint az antibiotikum-rezisztencia az emberi egészséget fenyegető három legsúlyosabb veszély egyike. Antibiotikum-rezisztencia kialakulhat a szennyvíztisztító telepek kibocsátásával a természetes mikrobiális ökoszisztémára gyakorolt szelektív nyomás következtében. A tanulmány célja, hogy kapcsolatot találjon a szennyvízterhelés és a bakteriális közösség biológiai aktivitása között antibiotikum terhelés mellett és anélkül, melynek érdekében OxiTopTM mikrokozmosz kísérletet állítottunk be egy magyarországi, szennyvízterhelés alatt álló víztestből származó minták felhasználásával. A mintákhoz humán és állatgyógyászati szempontból jelentős antibiotikumok különböző kombinációit adtuk (Kolisztin, Florfenikol, Imipenem, Ceftazidim). Az inkubációs időszak során folyamatosan mértük a minták mikrobaközösségének biológiai aktivitását, melyet hagyományos tenyésztési módszerekkel és újgenerációs szekvenálással egészítettünk ki. Eredményeink alapján az antibiotikum terhelés hatására csökkent a bakteriális diverzitás, de a bakteriális sejtszám nem. A szennyvízterheléssel érintett felszíni víz mikrobiális közössége nagyobb alkalmazkodóképességet mutatott az antibiotikumokkal szemben, mint a háttér minta. Eredményeink alapján az antibiotikumok hatására dominánssá váló taxonok – amelyek potenciális hordozói lehetnek többféle antibiotikum-rezisztencia génnek – a Cellvibrio, az Aquabacterium és a Flavobacterium voltak.
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