Beporzók, beporzás, élelmiszertermelés – az IPBES első tematikus tanulmányának fő üzenetei
Absztrakt
A Biológiai Sokféleség és Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás Kormányközi Testület (Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES) első tematikus tanulmányának témájául 2014-ben a beporzók, az általuk biztosított növényi beporzás (pollináció) és ennek élelmiszertermelésben játszott szerepének értékelését választotta. A háziméhek és vad beporzók nyújtotta beporzásra a vadon élő és termesztett növények zömének szüksége van, ezáltal a pollináció kiemelkedő ökológiai, gazdasági, szociális és kulturális értékkel bír. A 2016-ban elkészült tanulmány, és az IPBES plenárisa által elfogadott, a főbb üzeneteket összefoglaló dokumentum szerint a beporzókra az emberi tevékenységek egyre fokozódó nyomást gyakorolnak, ideértve a tájhasználat változást, a természetközeli élőhelyek területének csökkenését, feldarabolódását, intenzív mezőgazdasági termelést, fokozott vegyszerhasználatot, klímaváltozást. Miközben a beporzó rovarok számos faja kihalással veszélyeztettet, illetve csökkenő trendeket mutat, a beporzásra való igény egyre nő a rovarbeporzást igénylő termesztett növénykultúrák területének kiterjedésével. A pollináció hatékony, hosszútávú fenntartása azonnali és többrétű cselekvéssorozatot igényel nemcsak a mezőgazdálkodás, hanem az emberi hozzáállás, mentalitás és a környezetünkhöz való viszonyulás terén is. Az IPBES beporzókat célzó tanulmánya megjelenése óta számos nemzeti és nemzetközi stratégia kidolgozását, beporzók védelmét célzó kezdeményezés elindulását segítette elő.
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