Disability policy reforms in the light of sustainability of the social security system in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary
Abstract
With populations ageing across the EU social security systems are becoming financially unsustainable, as a shrinking labour force may no longer be able to provide for a growing number of older people. The paper focuses on the results of the book „Sustainability of the Social Security System – Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe”, which project was inspired by very important economic and social issues. One of the conclusions was, most good practices have been related to the employment and rehabilitation of people with disabilities. This paper therefore summarizes the key fundings of disability policy reforms in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Reforms of disability benefits have been linked to active labour market policies, but there have been no major breakthroughs in employment.
References
Paulovics A & Jámbor A (2022) The Right to a Healthy Environment in the Hungarian Constitution, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 17(32), pp. 98-111. https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2022.32.98
Bándi Gy (2020) Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Law, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 15(29), pp. 7–22; https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2020.29.7,
Barański M (2023) Poland: Social Law and Social Security— Disproportionality to Demographic Challenges, in Jakab, N. (ed.) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe, Miskolc- Budapest: Central European Academic Publishing, pp. 93–109. https://doi. org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
Biskup J &, Kotrusová M (2002) Disability Protection in the Czech Republic, in: Fultz E & - Ruck M (eds.) Reforming Worker Protections: Disability Pensions in Transformation, International Labour Organization 2002. pp. 33-92.
Čábelková I (2015) The Effect of Social Transfers on the Level of Unemployment of Disabled in EU countries, Economics & Sociology, 8(1), pp. 298-307. DOI:10.14254/2071- 789X.2015/8-1/23
Mussida C & Sciulli D(2016) Disability and employment across Central and Eastern European Countries, Journal of Labor & Development (5)4, pp. 1-24. DOI 10.1186/s40175-016-0049-7,
Concluding observations, on the initial report of the Czech Republic, 2015, CRPD/C/CZE/CO/1.
Corselli-Nordblad L. & Strandell H. (2020) Ageing Europe – Looking at the lives of older people in the EU – 2020 edition, Publications Office, https://data. europa.eu/doi/10.2785/628105
Crowe, D, Haas J, Millot V, Rawdanowicz L & Turban S (2022), Population ageing and government revenue: Expected trends and policy considerations to boost revenue, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1737, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9ce9e8e3-en.
Czech Statistical Office 2019. Children with disabilities and persons with disabilities living outside private households – 2017, 2018. https://tinyurl.com/ yc83y8mz
Czyrka & Borowiecki (2014) The Category Of Disability In Poland And Other Eu Countries – Paradigm Shifts, Globalization, the State and the Individual, 4. pp. 57-70. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/234346 [1.10.2024.]
Dajnoki K (2014) HR sajátosságok feltárása vezetői mélyinterjúk alapján megváltozott munkaképességű személyeket foglalkoztató szervezeteknél, Közép-Európai közlemények, 6(3-4), pp. 115-124.
Disabled people in 2021, 1. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/living-conditions/social- assistance/disabled-people-in-2021,7,3.html [1.10.2024.]
Dolobáč M (2023) Slovakia: Seeking New Approaches to the Sustainability of the Social System in the Impact of Demographic Challenges, in Jakab Nóra (ed) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe, Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc – Budapest, Hungary, pp. 179-198. https://doi.org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
European Commission 2013, Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion Your social security rights in Czech Republic, European Union.
European Commission: The 2021 Ageing Report Economic & Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2019-2070) Institutional Paper 148 | May 2021, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
European Commission: White Paper: An agenda for adequate, safe and sustainable pensions in Europe Brussels, 16.02.2012. http://www.europarl. europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/com/com_com(2012)0055_/ com_com(2012)0055_hu.pdf
Filip BOJIĆ: Serbia: Impact and Consequences of Demographic Challenges on Domestic Social Law and Social Security Systems, in Jakab Nóra (ed) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe, Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc – Budapest, Hungary, pp. 155-178. https://doi.org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
Fultz E (2002) A Comparative Overview of Disability Pension Reforms in the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Poland in: Fultz E & Ruck M (eds.) Reforming Worker Protections: Disability Pensions in Transformation, International Labour Organization.
Hajdú J (2015) A szociális biztonság jelentése és védelme az Alaptörvényben, in: Balogh E (ed.) A történeti alkotmánytól az Alaptörvényig, Pólay Elemér Alapítvány Jurisperitus Betéti Társasága, Szeged.
Tóth H. & Mélypataki G (2023): Hungary: Social Challenges of an Aging Society, in Jakab Nóra (ed) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe, Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc – Budapest, Hungary, pp. 111-134. .https://doi. org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
Görgényi I (2022) Environmental human rights and the protection of the environment through criminal law in the light of recent developments, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 17(32), pp. 42-57. https://doi.org/10.21029/ JAEL.2022.32.42
Jabłońska-Porzuczek L (2019) Situation of Disabled People In The Polish Labor Market, , Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural And Agribusiness Economists, 21(3) pp. 143-153. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.302769
Jakab N & Mélypataki G (2019) The right to water as a social fundamental right, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 14(26), pp. 7–34; https://doi. org/10.21029/JAEL.2019.26.7
Jakab N (2016) Sustainable development and human resources, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 11(21), pp. 28–33; https://doi.org/10.21029/ JAEL.2016.21.28
Kaufmann FX (1997) Herausforderungen des Sozialstaates, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main.
KREKÓ J & SCHARLE Á (2019) Megváltozott munkaképesség, rokkantság, rehabilitáció; A megváltozott munkaképességű népesség foglalkoztatása és a kereslet oldali szakpolitikai eszközök, in: Munkaerőpiaci tükör 2019. Közgazdaság- és Regionális Tudományi Kutatóközpont, Budapest, pp. 178-185.
Marinkás Gy (2020) The Right to a Healthy Environment as a Basic Human Right – Possible Approaches Based on the Practice of the Human Rights Mechanisms, with Special Regard to the Issues of Indigenous Peoples, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 15(29), pp. 133–170.; https://doi. org/10.21029/JAEL.2020.29.133
Vinković M (2023) Croatia: Social Rights in a Welfare State—Wandering Between Symbolism, Irrationality and Economic Sustainability, in Jakab Nóra (ed.) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe, Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc – Budapest, Hungary, pp. 71-92. https://doi.org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
Maschke M (2008) Behindertenpolitik in der Europäischen Union: Lebenssituation behinderter Menschen und nationale Behindertenpolitik in 15 Mitgliedstaaten.,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden.
National Plan for the Promotion of Equal Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities 2021–2025 Approved by Czech Government Resolution No. 761 of 20 July 2020
Offe C (1995) Schock, Fehlkonstrukt oder Droge? Über drei Lesarten der Sozialstaatskrise in: Werner F. (ed.) Zukunft des Sozialstaats: Jahrbuch Arbeit und Technik. Zukunft des Sozialstaats. Bonn, pp. 31-41.
Persons with Disabled Work Capacity on the Labour Market, 2011, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, May 2012; http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/ idoszaki/pdf/megvaltmunkakep.pdf [8.7.2014.]
Radlińska I, Bażydło M & Karakiewicz B (2014) The rights of persons with disabilities in Poland, Journal of Public Health, Nursing and Medical Rescue, (121)4. pp. 25-30.
Raisz A (2012) A vízhez való jog egyes aktuális kérdéseiről, in Csák Cs (ed.) Jogtudományi tanulmányok a fenntartható természeti erőforrások témakörében, Miskolci Egyetemi Kiadó, Miskolc, pp. 151–159.
Sabatier P (1993) Advocacy-Kolationen, Policy Wandel und Policy-Lernen: Eine Alternative zur Phasenheuristik? in: Adrienne Héritier A (ed.) Policy-Analyse, Kritik und Neuorientierung. Sonderheft der Politischen Vierteljahres Schriften 24. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, pp.116-148.
Sander M, Oxlund B, Jespersen A, Krasnik A, Lykke Mortensen E, Westendorp RGJ & Rasmussen LJ (2015) The challenges of human population ageing, Age and Ageing, 44(2), pp.185–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu189
Scharle Á & Váradi B. (2015) Barriers to welfare reform in the CEE: the case of employment rehabilitation services, GRINCOH Working Paper Series, Paper No. 5.06
Starek L (2022) Employment politics while employing people with health handicaps in the Czech Republic, Conhecimento & Diversidade, Niterói, 14(34), pp. 287-302.
Štefko M (2023) Czech Republic: Social Law One Step Forward Two Steps Back, in Jakab, N. (ed.) Sustainability of the Social Security System: Demographic Challenges and Answers in Central Europe. Miskolc-Budapest: Central European Academic Publishing. pp. 51-70. https://doi.org/10.54171/2023.nj.sotsss_5
Struck-Peregończy M (2015) Disabled people and employment in Poland, in: Grover C & Piggott L (eds.) Disabled People, Work and Welfare Is Employment Really The Answer? Bristol, Policy Press, pp. 105-125. DOI:10.1332/ policypress/9781447318323.003.0001
Support for people with disabilities in Poland https://forummigracyjne.org/ wp-content/uploads/2022/12/3223.pdf [29.09.2024.]
Szilágyi J E (2018) Vízszemléletű kormányzás – vízpolitika – vízjog, Miskolci Egyetemi Kiadó, Miskolc.
Szilágyi J E (2021) The Protection of the Interests of Future Generations in the 10-Year-Old Hungarian Constitution, With Special Reference to the Right to a Healthy Environment and Other Environmental Issues, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 16(31), pp. 130–144; https://doi.org/10.21029/ JAEL.2021.31.130
Takács A (2011) Szociális jogok az Alkotmányban és a munka alkotmányjogi szerepe, in: Molnár B & Gyombolai Zs & Téglási A (eds.) Gazdasági alapjogok és az új magyar Alkotmány, Kiadta az Országgyűlés Emberi jogi, kisebbségi, civil- és vallásügyi bizottsága. Budapest, pp. 76-86. doi: 10.32566/ah.2019.2.5
The 2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008-2060)
The 2009 Ageing Report: Underlying Assumptions and Projection Methodologies for the EU-27 Member States (2007-2060)
The 2012 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the 27 EU Member States (2010-2060)
The 2012 Ageing Report: Underlying Assumptions and Projection Methodologies
The 2015 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the 28 EU Member States (2013-2060)
The 2015 Ageing Report: Underlying Assumptions and Projection Methodologies
Sancin V & Juhart M (2023): The Right to Safe Drinking Water in International Law and in Slovenia’s legal framework and implementation, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law, 18 (34), pp. 106-124. https://orcid. org/0000-0002-1623-7278
Wóycicka I (coordinator), Ruzik A & Zalewska H (2002) Disability Protection in Poland in: Fultz E & Ruck M(eds.) Reforming Worker Protections: Disability Pensions in Transformation, International Labour Organization, pp. 147-226.
