Ferussina petofiana sp. n. (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae), the oldest representative of its subfamily from the Late Cretaceous of Romania

Barna Páll-Gergely; János Magyar; Zoltán Csiki-Sava; Gábor Botfalvai

doi:10.17109/AZH.69.4.337.2023

Barna Páll-Gergely Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
János Magyar Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Department of Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
Zoltán Csiki-Sava Department of Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 1 N. Bălcescu Blvd, 010041 Bucharest, Romania
Gábor Botfalvai HUN-REN–MTM–ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, H-1431 Budapest, P.O. Box 137, Hungary

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.69.4.337.2023

Keywords: Maastrichtian, Strophostomella, Anostomopsidae, Paleogene, K-Pg boundary

Abstract

The terrestrial gastropod Ferussina petofiana Páll-Gergely sp. n. is described from uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) deposits from the Haţeg Basin, Romania. It represents the first properly diagnosed and described snail taxon from these deposits, despite numerous earlier reports of gastropod occurrences. This new species is characterized by a depressed, mostly smooth shell, three spiral carinae on the ventral side (inside the umbilicus), and an upward-turning aperture. The last feature characterizes two European fossil snail genera, the cyclophoroidean Ferussina, and the stylommatophoran Strophostomella. The new species is classified in the former group due to its nearly circular aperture, and the presence of conspicuous spiral carinae. In contrast, the aperture of most stylommatophoran genera (including Strophostomella) is semilunar, and if raised sculptural elements are present, they are mostly radially oriented. The identification of this new taxon in the uppermost Cretaceous of Romania represents an important range extension for the genus Ferussina, and adds it to the brief list of European clades that appear to have survived the mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.

References

Antonescu, E., Lupu, D. & Lupu, M. (1983): Correlation palinologique du Crétacé terminal du sud-est des Monts Metaliferi et des Depressions de Hațeg et de Rusca Montană. – Anuarul Institutului de Geologie și Geofizică 59 (Stratigrafie și Paleontologie): 71–77.

Archibald, J. D. (2011): Extinction and radiation: How the fall of dinosaurs led to the rise of mammals. – Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 120 pp.

Bandel, K. & Riedel, F. (1994): The late Cretaceous gastropod fauna from Ajka (Bakony Mountains, Hungary): a revision. – Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A 96: 1–65.

Benton, M. J., Csiki, Z., Grigorescu, D., Redelstorff, R., Sander, P. M., Stein, K. & Weishampel, D. B. (2010): Dinosaurs and the island rule: The dwarfed dinosaurs from Hațeg Island. – Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 293: 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.026

Bojar, A.-V., Halas, S., Bojar, H.-P., Grigorescu, D. & Vasile, Ș. (2011): Upper Cretaceous volcanoclastic deposits from the Hațeg Basin, South Carpathians (Romania): K-Ar ages and intrabasinal correlation. – Geochronometria 38(2): 182–188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0023-8

Botfalvai, G., Csiki-Sava, Z., Kocsis, L., Albert, G., Magyar, J., Bodor, E. R., Țabără, D., Ulyanov, A. & Makádi, L. (2021): ’X’ marks the spot! Sedimentological, geochemical and palaeontological investigations of Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) vertebrate fossil localities from the Vălioara Valley (Densuș-Ciula Formation, Hațeg Basin, Romania). – Cretaceous Research 123: 104781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104781

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrödl, M. & Strong, E. E. (2017): Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. – Malacologia 61(1–2): 1–526. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.061.0201

Braun, M. (1838): Über eine neue Art von Strophostoma und ein neues Genus Scoliostoma mit ähnlicher Bildung des Gehäuses. – Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 1838: 291–298.

Clench, W. J. (1949): Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. – Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1–52.

Csiki, Z., Ionescu, A. & Grigorescu, D. (2008): The Budurone microvertebrate site from the Maastrichtian of the Hațeg Basin – flora, fauna, taphonomy and paleoenvironment. – Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 6: 49–66.

Csiki-Sava, Z., Buffetaut, E., Ősi, A., Pereda-Suberbiola, X. & Brusatte, S. L. (2015): Island life in the Cretaceous – faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. – ZooKeys 469: 1–161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439

Csiki-Sava, Z., Vremir, M., Vasile, Ș., Brusatte, S. L., Dyke, G., Naish, D., Norell, M. A. & Totoianu, R. (2016): The East Side Story – The Transylvanian latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate record and its implications for understanding Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary events. – Cretaceous Research 57: 662–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.003

Dávid, Gy. & Mikó, I. (1972): Petőfi Erdélyben. – Kriterion, Bukarest, 325 pp.

Degrange-Touzin, A. (1892): Étude sur la faune terrestre, lacustre et fluviatile de l’Oligocène supérieur et du Miocène dans le Sud-Ouest de la France et principalement dans la Gironde. – Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 45: 125–230. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33424078

Deshayes, G. P. (1828): Mémoire sur le Strophostome, nouveau genre de coquilles fossiles de la famille des Hélices. – Annales des sciences naturelles 13: 282–287.

Dumas, E. (1876): Statistique géologique, minéralogique, métallurgique et paléontologique du département du Gard. Deuxième partie. Arthus Bertrand, Peyrot-Tinel, Brugueirolle. – Paris, Nîmes, Alais, 735 pp.

Fastovsky, D. E. & Bercovici, A. (2016): The Hell Creek Formation and its contribution to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction: A short primer. – Cretaceous Research 57: 368–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.007

Fischer, P. (1880–1887): Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique, ou histoire naturelle des mollusques vivants et fossiles suivi d’un Appendice sur les Brachiopodes par D. P. Oehlert. Avec 23 planches contenant 600 figures dessinées par S. P. Woodward. F. Savy, Paris. Published in 11 parts (fascicules), xxiv + 1369 pp.

Garcia, G., Duffaud, S., Feist, M., Marandat, B., Tambareau, Y., Villatte, J. & Sigé, B. (2000): La Neuve, gisement a plantes, invertébrés, et vertébrés du Bégudien (Sénonien supérieur continental) du bassin d’Aix-en-Provence. – Geodiversitas 22(3): 325–348.

Grateloup, J.-P. S. de (1827): Description de plusieurs espèces de coquilles fossiles des environs de Dax (Landes). – Bulletin d’Histoire Naturelle de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 2(7): 3–26.

Gray, J. E. (1847): A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyms and types. – Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 129–219.

Grigorescu, D. (1992): Nonmarine Cretaceous formations of Romania. Pp. 142–164. In: Matter, N. J. & Chen, P.-J. (eds): Aspects of nonmarine Cretaceous geology. – China Ocean Press, Beijing.

Grigorescu, D., Hartenberger, J.-L., Rădulescu, C., Samson, P. & Sudre, J. (1985): Découverte de Mammifères et Dinosaures dans le Crétacé supérieur de Pui (Roumanie). – Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences de Paris II/301(19): 1365–1368.

Grigorescu, D., Venczel, M., Csiki, Z. & Limberea, R. (1999): New microvertebrate fossil assemblages from the Uppermost Cretaceous of the Hațeg Basin (Romania). – Geologie en Mijnbouw 78: 301–314.

Hirano, T., Asato, K., Yamamoto, S., Takahashi, Y. & Chiba, S. (2019): Cretaceous amber fossils highlight the evolutionary history and morphological conservatism of land snails. – Scientific Reports 9: 15886. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51840-3

Hrubesch, K. (1965): Die santone Gosau-Landschneckenfauna von Glanegg bei Salzburg, Österreich. – Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie 5: 83–120.

Hunter, J. P., Hartman, J. H. & Krause, D. W. (1997): Mammals and molluscs across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary from Makoshika State Park and vicinity (Williston Basin), Montana. – Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 32(1): 61–114.

Kadić, O. (1916): Jelentés az 1915. évben végzett ásatásaimról. II. A valiórai dinosaurusok gyüjtése. – Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Évi jelentései 1915-ről: 573–576.

Kadolsky, D. (2008): Mollusks from the Late Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Rhön Mountains, Germany). Part 2: Gastropoda. Neritimorpha and Caenogastropoda. – Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260: 103–137.

Kristóf, Gy. (1944): Miklós Miklós. – Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények 54(1): 20–43.

Leufroy, A. (1828): Mémoire sur une nouvelle espèce de coquille fossile du genre Férussine (Grateloup), Strophostome (Deshayes). – Annales des Sciences naturelles 15: 401–405.

López Martínez, N., Fernández-Marrón, M. T. & Valle, M. F. (1999): The succession of vertebrates and plants across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Tremp Formation, Ager valley (South-central Pyrenees, Spain). – Geobios 32(4): 617–627.

Mabille, J. (1887): Molluscorum Tonkinorum diagnoses. – Meulan, Masson, 18 pp.

MacLeod, N., Rawson, P. F., Forey, P. L., Banner, F. T., Boudagher-Fadel, M. K., Brown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Chambers, P., Culver, S., Evans, S. E., Jeffery, C., Kaminski, M. A., Lord, A. R., Milner, A. C., Milner, A. R., Morris, N., Owen, E., Rosen, B. R., Smith, A. B., Taylor, P. D., Urquhart, E. & Young, J. R. (1997): The Cretaceous–Tertiary biotic transition. – Journal of the Geological Society 154: 265–292. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.154.2.0265

Matheron, P. (1832): Observations sur les terrains tertiaires des Bouches du Rhone et description des coquilles fossiles inédites ou peu connues qu’ils renferment. – Annales des Sciences et de l’Industrie du Midi de la France 3: 87.

Mitchell, J. S., Roopnarine, P. D. & Angielczyk, K. D. (2012): Late Cretaceous restructuring of terrestrial communities facilitated the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in North America. – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(46): 18857–18861.

Neubauer, T. A., Páll-Gergely, B., Jochum, A. & Harzhauser, M. (2019): Striking case of convergence – Alleged marine gastropods in Cretaceous Burmese amber are terrestrial cyclophoroids. Comment on Yu et al. – Palaeoworld 28(4): 572–575.

Nichols, D. J. (2007): Selected plant microfossil records of the terminal Cretaceous event in terrestrial rocks, western North America. – Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 255: 22–34.

Neubauer, T. A., Hauffe, T., Silvestro, D., Schauer, J., Kadolsky, D., Wesselingh, F. P., Harzhauser, M. & Wilke, T. (2021): Current extinction rate in European freshwater gastropods greatly exceeds that of the Late Cretaceous mass extinction. – Communications Earth & Environment 2: 97. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00167-x

Nopcsa, F. (1905): A Gyulafehérvár, Déva, Ruszkabánya és a romániai határ közé eső vidék geológiája. – Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Évkönyve 14(4): 81–253.

Nopcsa, F. (1915): Erdély dinoszauruszai. – Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Évkönyve 23: 1–23.

Nopcsa, F. (1923): On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian fauna of the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new tortoise (Kallokibotium). – Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 79: 100–116. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1923.079.01-04.0

Nordsieck, H. (1986): The system of the Stylommatophora (Gastropoda), with special regard to the systematic position of the Clausiliidae, II. Importance of the shell and distribution. – Archiv für Molluskenkunde 117(1–3): 93–116.

Ősi, A., Szabó, M., Tóth, M., Bodor, E., Lobitzer, H., Kvacek, J., Svobodová, M., Szente, I., Wagreich, M., Trabelsi, K., Sames, B., Magyar, J., Makádi, L., Berning, B. & Botfalvai, G. (2021): A brackish to non-marine aquatic and terrestrial fossil assemblage with vertebrates from the lower Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) Gosau Group of the Tiefengraben locality near St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut, Austria. – Cretaceous Research 127: 104938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104938

Páll-Gergely, B. & Neubauer, T. A. (2020): The value of a single character: the Paleogene European land snail Ferussina Grateloup, 1827 is likely a cyclophorid (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda). – ZooKeys 918: 29–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.50135

Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Grego, J., Sajan, S., Tripathy, B. & Chen, Z.-Y. (2020): A review of the Diapheridae (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Streptaxoidea), with special emphasis on India and Myanmar. – Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 682–718. https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2020-0083

Pană, I., Grigorescu, D., Csiki, Z. & Costea, C. (2002): Paleo-ecological significance of the continental gastropod assemblages from the Maastrichtian dinosaur beds of the Hațeg Basin. – Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 3: 337–343.

Puértolas-Pascual, E., Blanco, A., Brochu, C. A. & Canudo, J. I. (2016): Review of the Late Cretaceous-early Paleogene crocodylomorphs of Europe: Extinction patterns across the K-PG boundary. – Cretaceous Research 57: 565–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.08.002

Raup, D. M. & Sepkoski, J. J. (1982): Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record. – Science 215(4539): 1501–1503. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.215.4539.1501

Rădulescu, C., Iliescu, G. & Iliescu, M. (1976): Un Embrithopode nouveau (Mammalia) dans le Paléogene de la dépression de Haţeg (Roumanie) et la géologie de la région. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 11: 690–698.

Riera, V., Oms, O., Gaete, R. & Galobart, À. (2009): The end-Cretaceous dinosaur succession in Europe: The Tremp Basin record (Spain). – Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 283: 160–171.

Roman, F. (1904): Contributions à l’étude des bassins lacustres de l’Éocène et de l’Oligocène du Languedoc. – Bulletin de la Société Geologique, quatrième série 3: 546–616.

Sacco, F. (1886): Nuove species terziarie di molluschi terrestri e d’aqua dolce e salmastra del Piemonte. – Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 29: 427–476.

Salvador, R. B., Höltke, O., Rasser, M. W & Kadolsky, D. (2016): Annotated type catalogue of the continental fossil gastropods in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. – Palaeodiversity 9(1): 15–70. https://doi.org/10.18476/pale.v9.a3

Sandberger, C. L. F. (1870–1875): Die Land- und Süßwasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt. – C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1000 pp.

Schafarzik, F. (1909): Nyíresfalva és Vaspatak környékének geológiai viszonyai Hunyad vármegyében. – Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Évi jelentései 1907-ről: 69–80.

Schileyko, A. A. (1998–2007): Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Parts 1–15. – Ruthenica Suppl. 2: 1–2210.

Sheehan, P. M. & Hansen, T. A. (1986): Detritus feeding as a buffer to extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. – Geology 14: 868–870. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<868:DFAABT>2.0.CO;2

Sheehan, P. M. & Fastovsky, D. E. (1992): Major extinctions of land-dwelling vertebrates at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, eastern Montana. – Geology 20: 556–560.

Sigé, B., Buscalioni, A. D., Duffaud, S., Gayet, M., Orth, B., Rage, J.-C. & Sanz, J. L. (1997): Etat des données sur le gisement Crétacé supérieur continental de Champ-Garimond (Gard, Sud de la France). – Münchner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A34: 111–130.

Solem, A. (1961): New Caledonian land and fresh-water snails; an annotated check list. – Fieldiana Zoology 41(3): 413–501.

Stoliczka, F. (1860): Über eine der Kreideformation angehörige Süsswasserbildung in den nordöstlichen Alpen. – Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 38: 482–496.

Tausch, L. (1886): Ueber die Fauna der nicht marinen Ablagerungen der oberen Kreide des Csingerthales bei Ajka im Bakony (Veszprimer Comitat, Ungarn) und über einige Conchylien der Gosaumergel von Aigen bei Salzburg. – Abhandlungen der k.-k. geologischen Reichsanstalt 12(1): 1–32, 3 pls.

Turin, G. (2017): Description de deux espèces nouvelles du genre Lychnus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Anadromidae) au Rognacien (Maastrichtien supérieur) de Vitrolles (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). – BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 188: 38. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2017204

Vasile, Ș. & Csiki-Sava, Z. (2012): Maastrichtian continental gastropods from Fărcădeana (Rusca Montană Basin, Romania). – Oltenia. Studii și comunicări. Științele Naturii 28(2): 203–210.

Vasile, Ș., Csiki, Z. & Grigorescu, D. (2011): Reassessment of the spatial extent of the Middle Member, Densuș-Ciula Formation (Maastrichtian), Hațeg Basin, Romania. – Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 7: 335–342.

Vremir, M., Dyke, G. & Totoianu, R. (2015): Repertoire of the late Cretaceous vertebrate localities from Sebeş Area, Alba country (Romania). – Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 7: 695–724.

Weishampel, D. B., Grigorescu, D. & Norman, D. B. (1991): The dinosaurs of Transylvania. – National Geographic Research & Exploration 7(2): 196–215.

Wenz, W. (1923–1930): Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. W. Junk, Berlin. Vol. I: 1–352 pp. (1923), Vol. II: 353–736 pp. (1923), Vol. III: 737–1068 pp. (1923), Vol. IV: 1069–1420 pp. (1923), Vol. V: 1421–1734 pp. (1923), Vol. VI: 1735–1862 pp. (1923), Vol. VII: 1863–2230 pp. (1926), Vol. VIII: 2231–2502 pp. (1928), Vol. IX: 2503–2886 pp. (1929), Vol. X: 2887–3014 pp. (1929), Vol. XI: 3015–3387 pp. (1930)

Wenz, W. (1938–1944): Gastropoda. Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. xii + 1639 pp. In: Schindewolf, O. H. (ed.) Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6. – Bornträger, Berlin. Lief. 1639 pp.

Wenz, W. (1940): Die ältesten Stylommatophoren des europaischen Raumes. – Archiv für Molluskenkunde 72(5–6): 129−144.

Willingshofer, E., Andriessen, P., Cloething, S. & Neubauer, F. (2001): Detrital fission track thermochronology of Upper Cretaceous syn-orogenic sediments in the South Carpathians (Romania): inferences on the tectonic evolution of a collisional hinterland. – Basin Research 13: 379–395. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0950-091x.2001.00156.x

Wilson, G. P. (2013): Mammals across the K/Pg boundary in northeastern Montana, U.S.A.: dental morphology and body-size patterns reveal extinction selectivity and immigrant-fueled ecospace filling. – Paleobiology 39: 429–469. https://doi.org/10.1666/12041

Yu, T. (2022): New data on gastropod genus Hirsuticyclus (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. – Geological Society, London, Special Publications 521: 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP521-2021-127