A framework for electric micromobility and the exploration of urban needs as shown through European examples
Abstract
Recently, a number of new mobility solutions have emerged that help make transport sstems more sustainable. This study attempts to explore the current situation and the future prospects of electric micromobility (e-micromobility). First, an expert workshop was held and an expert survey was conducted. The aim of the expert workshop was to examine various vehicle types with the help of stakeholders, while the expert survey defined the parameters of e-micromobility. As a continuation of our research, we would like to define a framework that adapts to different regulations and is able to define general guidelines that help the integration of micromobility with other modes of transport.
References
Gössling S. (2020) Integrating e-scooters in urban transportation: Problems, policies, and the prospect of system change, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 79, paper 102230,
Giuffrida N., Le Pira M., Inturri G., Ignaccolo M. (2020) Addressing the public transport ridership/coverage dilemma in small cities: A spatial approach, Case Studies on Transport Policy, online first, DOI: https://doi.org/gnnf6m
Tuncer S., Laurier E., Brown B., Licoppe C. (2020) Notes on the practices and appearances of e-scooter users in public space, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol 85, paper 102702, DOI: https://doi.org/ggxgv4
Geels F.W., Sovacool B.K., Schwanen T., Sorrell S. (2017) Sociotechnical transitions for deep decarbonization, Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6357, pp. 1242-1244., DOI: https://doi.org/gfvshk
Clewlow, R. (2019) The Micro-mobility Revolution: The Introduction and Adoption of Electric Scooters in the United States, In Proceedings of the 98th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, 13-17 January 2019, paper 19-03991, URL: https://trid.trb.org/view/1572549
Fitt H., Curl A. (2020) The early days of shared micromobility: A social
practices approach, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 86, paper 102779, DOI: https://doi.org/gg4kmj
Edge S., Goodfield J., Dean J. (2020) Shifting gears on sustainable transport transitions: Stakeholder perspectives on e-bikes in Toronto, Canada, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Vol. 36, pp. 197-208, DOI: https://doi.org/gm8ksd
Aono S., Bigazzi A. (2019) Industry Stakeholder Perspectives on the Adoption of Electric Bicycles in British Columbia, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2673, Issue 5, pp. 1-11, DOI: https://doi.org/hhs7
Pike S., Pilatowsky Gruner R. (2020) Ridehailing, Uncertainty, and Sustainable Transportation: How Transportation Stakeholders are Responding to the Unknowns Surrounding Ridehailing, University of California, Davis, NCST-UCDRR- 20-12, DOI: https://doi.org/hhs8
ITF (2020) Safe Micromobility, Cooperate Partnership Board Report, https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/safemicromobility.pdf
SAE International (2019) Taxonomy and Classification of Powered Micromobility Vehicles, J3194_201911, https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3194_201911
German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (2019) Small Electric Vehicle Ordinance (eKFV), https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ekfv/eKFV.pdf
McQueen M., Abou-Zeid G., MacArthur J., Clifton K. (2020) Transportation Transformation: Is Micromobility Making a Macro Impact on Sustainability?, Journal of Planning Literature, online first, DOI: https://doi.org/gmvkfk
Milakis D., Gebhardt L., Ehebrecht D., Lenz B. (2020) Is micro-mobility
sustainable? An overview of implications for accessibility, air pollution, safety, physical activity and subjective wellbeing, Handbook of Sustainable Transport, Edward Elgar Publishing, United Kingdom,
ISBN: 9781789900460, pp. 180-189, DOI: https://doi.org/hhs9
Zarif R., Pankratz D. M., Kelman B. (2019) Small is beautiful: Making micromobility work for citizens, cities, and service providers, Deloitte Insights, https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/futureof-mobility/micro-mobilityis-the-futureof-urban-transportation.html
Fearnley N. (2020) Micromobility – Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities, ISBN: 978-1-83982-651-1, Emerald Publishing, pp. 169-186, DOI: https://doi.org/hhtb
Zagorskas J. Burinskiene M. (2020) Challenges Caused by Increased Use of E-Powered Personal Mobility Vehicles in European Cities, Sustainability, Vol. 12, paper 273, DOI: https://doi.org/ggxgwc
Barcelona City Council (2017) New regulation for personal mobility vehicles and bikes with more than two wheels, https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/en/new-regulation-for-personal-mobilityvehicles-and-bikes-with-more-than-twowheels_514154.html
Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing (2019) Extension of the Road act, https://www.thelocal.dk/20190117/denmark-allows-use-of-scooters-andhoverboards-on-bicycle-lanes
Tel Aviv Municipality (2020) Bicycles and Scooters, https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/en/Live/Transportation/Pages/Bicycles%20and%20Scooters.aspx
National Road Safety Authority (2019) Road traffic regulations, https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5527018,00.html
City of Munich (2006) Transport Development Plan, https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/dam/jcr:1f76e204-b0dc-43afba51-f35d7d3a2430/vep06_kurz_eng.pdf
City of Munich (2018) Modellstadt 2030, https://www.inzellinitiative.de/aktivitaeten.html
German Federal Government (2015) National Electromobility Development Plan, https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmuimport/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/nep_09_bmu_en_bf.pdf
Barcelona Metropolitan Transport Authority (2019) Barcelona Metropolitan Region Mobility Master Plan, https://www.atm.cat/web/en/PDM.php
Barcelona City Council (2019) Urban Mobility Plan, https://www.barcelona.cat/mobilitat/en/news-and-documents/newurban-mobility-plan-2019-2024
City of Copenhagen (2012) The CPH 2025 Climate Plan, https://urbandevelopmentcph.kk.dk/artikel/cph-2025-climate-plan
City of Copenhagen (2016) Action Plan for Green Mobility, https://urbandevelopmentcph.kk.dk/artikel/mobility-copenhagen
City of Tel Aviv (2017) The Strategic Plan, https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Residents/Development/DocLib1/City%20Vision%202017.pdf
City of Stockholm (2012) Urban mobility strategy, https://international.stockholm.se/globalassets/ovriga-bilder-och-filer/urban-mobility-strategy.pdf
City of Stockholm (2018) Stockholm City plan, https://vaxer.stockholm/globalassets/tema/oversiktplan-y_light/english_
stockholm_city_plan.pdf
Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (2019) Ordinance on the use of personal light electric vehicles (PLEV) on public roads and amending other road traffic regulations, https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2019/025-personal-light-electric-vehicles.html
Directorate-General for Traffic (2019) Personal Mobility Vehicle (PMV)
regulation, https://www.grupogalilea.com/en/nueva_normativa_patinetes_electrico
Library of Congress (2019) Denmark: Copenhagen limits number of electric scooters on its streets, https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/denmarkcopenhagen-limits-number-of-electricscooters-
on-its-streets
Swedish Transport Agency (2019) Bicycle regulations, https://jackstraithill.com/blogs/news/svenska-regler-for-elsparkcykel
DEKRA (2019) Standard for Safe Micro-Mobility, https://media.dekra.com/media/2019-11-27-dekra-press-releasemicro-
mobility-standard.pdf
Voi (2019) Voi launches parking racks for e-scooters in Stockholm, http://meltwater.pressify.io/publication/5df383cacde2230004a7d8f5/5cc2e92ebc666f1000014954
The journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. There are no Open Access (OA) fees or charges (APCs) charged to either authors or readers.
All articles published in the journal are licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party and will not be used for any other purpose or be accessible to any other party.










