Geographic isolation created distinct pelage characters in Finlayson’s squirrel on isolated island offshore of the Indochina Peninsula in Central Vietnam

  • Tu Ngoc Ly Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-943X
  • Son Truong Nguyen Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-4407
  • Masaharu Motokawa The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-0070
  • Duong Thuy Vu Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • Hai Tuan Bui Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-7229
  • Phuong Huy Dang Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-9511
  • Tatsuo Oshida Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-9530
Keywords: Finlayson’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus-finlaysonii complex, cytochrome-b sequence, Vietnam, Lao Island, pelage colour

Abstract

We found distinct pelage characters in Finlayson’s squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) population, which is endemic to Lao Island of the Cham Islands, located off the coast of central Vietnam. Among squirrels of the ‘C. erythraeus-finlaysonii complex’, which consists of all forms of C. erythraeus and C. finlaysonii, mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences show that the Lao Island squirrel forms a cluster with C. finlaysonii with external characters of C. erythraeus flavimanus, defined previously as ‘C. finlaysonii morpha flavimanus’. Both squirrel forms, however, differed in pelage colour. This different colouration may have arisen from the effect of geographic isolation.

References

Abramov, A. V., Kalinin, A. A. & Morozov, P. N. (2007): Mammal survey on Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. – Mammalia 71: 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1515/MAMM.2007.001

Balakirev, A. E. & Rozhnov, V. V. (2019): Taxonomic revision of beautiful squirrels (Callosciurus, Rodentia: Sciuridae) from the Callosciurus erythraeus/finlaysonii complex and their distribution in eastern Indochina. – Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 459–489. https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0037

Ben-Avraham, Z. (1973): Structural framework of the Sunda Shelf and vicinity. – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, 269 pp. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1265

Boonkhaw, P., Prayoon, U., Kanchanasaka, B., Hayashi, F. & Tamura, N. (2017): Colour polymorphism and genetic relationships among twelve subspecies of Callosciurus finlaysonii in Thailand. – Mammalian Biology 85: 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2017.02.001

Dang, H. N. & Sladen, C. (1997): Petroleum geology of offshore Da Nang, Central Vietnam. – Proceedings of the International Conference on Petroleum System of SE Asia and Australia, Indonesian Petroleum Association, Vietnam, 449–468. https://doi.org/10.29118/IPA.1004.449.460

Felsenstein, J. (1985): Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. – Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x

Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H. & Yano, T. (1985): Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. – Journal of Molecular Evolution 22: 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02101694

Hall, R. & Morley, C. K. (2004): Sundaland basins. Pp. 55–85. In: Clift, P., Wang, P., Kuhnt, W. & Hayes (eds): Continent-ocean interactions within the East Asian marginal seas. – American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.1029/149GM04

Irwanto, D. (2019): Sundaland: tracing the cradle of civilizations. – Indonesia Hydro Media, Indonesia, 386 pp.

Kimura, M. (1980): A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. – Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581

Kloss, C. B. (1915): On two squirrels from the inner gulf of Siam. – Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 1: 157–162.

Kloss, C. B. (1916a): On a collection of mammals from Siam. – Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2: 1–32.

Kloss, C. B. (1916b): On a collection of mammals from the coast and islands of Southeast Siam. – Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 27–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1916.tb02008.x

Kloss, C. B. (1916c): On diagnoses of four new squirrels from Siam. – Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2: 178.

Kocher, T. D., Thomas, W. K., Meyer, A., Edwards, S. V., Paabo, S., Villablanca, F. X. & Wilson, A. C. (1989): Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA 86: 6196–6200. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.16.6196

Koprowski, J. L., Goldstein, E. A., Bennett, K. R. & Mendes, C. P. (2016): Family Sciuridae (tree, flying and ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots and prairie dogs). Pp. 648–837. In: Wilson, D. E., Lacher Jr, T. E. & Mittermeier, R. A. (eds): Handbook of the mammals of the world 6: Lagomorphs and rodents I. – Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018): MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. – Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096

Le, V. H. (2011): Thematic reports “effects of climate change to multiple columns biodiversity”. – Project “Assessing the effects of climate change on species typical creatures of Cu Lao Cham and proposing measures conservation of endemic species, improving livelihoods for the community”, Cu Lao Cham MPA management board, Vietnam, 23 pp. [in Vietnamese]

Lekagul, B. & McNeely, J. A. (1988): Mammal of Thailand 2nd. – Darnsutha Press, Bangkok, 758 pp.

Milne-Edward, A. (1877): Sur quelques Mammifères et Crustacés nouveaux. – Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris 11: 8–10.

Moore, J. C. & Tate, G. H. H. (1965): A study of the diunal squirrels, Sciurinae, of the Indian and Indochinese subregions. – Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, 351 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2919

Nguyen, T. S., Dinh, H. V., Chan, T. D. & Nguyen, C. H. (2010): Morpho-genetic features of Vietnam coast. – Proceedings of the 5th National Scientific Conference on Geography, Publishing House of Natural Science and Technology, Vietnam, 14 pp.

Nguyen, S. T., Oshida, T., Dang, P. H., Bui, H. T. & Motokawa, M. (2018): A new species of squirrel (Sciuridae: Callosciurus) from an isolated island off the Indochina Peninsula in southern Vietnam. – Journal of Mammalogy 99: 813–825. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy061

Oshida, T., Lin, L-K., Masuda, R. & Yoshida, M. C. (2000): Phylogenetic relationships among Asian species of Petaurista (Rodentia, Sciuridae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. – Zoological Science 17: 123–128. https://org.doi/10.2108/zsj.17.123

Oshida, T., Yasuda, M., Endo, H., Hussein, N. A. & Masuda, R. (2001): Molecular phylogeny of five squirrel species of the genus Callosciurus (Mammalia, Rodentia) inferred from cytochrome b gene sequences. – Mammalia 65: 473–482. https://org.doi/10.1515/mamm.2001.65.4.473

Oshida, T., Dang, C. N., Nguyen, S. T., Nguyen, N. X., Endo, H., Kimura, J., Sasaki, M., Hayashida, A., Takano, A., Yasuda, M. & Hayashi, Y. (2011): Phylogenetic relationship between Callosciurus caniceps and C. inornatus (Rodentia, Sciuridae): implications for zoogeographical isolation by the Mekong River. – Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2010.490566

Oshida, T., Dang, C. N., Nguyen, S. T., Nguyen, N. X., Endo, H., Kimura, J., Sasaki, M., Hayashida, A., Takano, A., Koyabu, D. & Hayashi, Y. (2013): Phylogenetic position of Callosciurus erythraeus griseimanus from Vietnam in the genus Callosciurus. – Mammal Study 38(1): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.3106/041.038.0105

Pardiñas, U. F. J., Myers, P., León-Paniagua L., Ordóñez Garza, N., Cook, J. A., Kryštufek, B., Haslauer, R., Bradley, R. D., Shenbrot, G. I. & Patton, J. L. (2017): Pp. 648–832. In: Family Cricetidae (true hamsters, voles, lemmings and new world rats, and mice). Wilson, D. E., Lacher, Jr T. E. & Mittermeier, R. A. (eds): Handbook of the mammals of the world 7: Rodents II. – Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Schai-Braun, S. C. & Hackländer, K. (2016): Family Leporidae (hares and rabbits). Pp. 62–148. In: Wilson, D. E., Lacher, Jr T. E. & Mittermeier, R. A. (eds): Handbook of the mammals of the world 6: Lagomorphs and rodents I. – Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Sikes, R. S. & Animal Care & Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists (2016): Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education. – Journal of Mammalogy 97: 663–688. ­https://org.doi/10.1093/jmammal/gyw078

Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020): Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) for macOS. – Molecular Biology and Evolution 37: 1237–1239. https://org.doi/10.1093/molbev/msz312.

Suchard, M. A., Lemey, P., Baele, G., Ayres, D. L., Drummond, A. J. & Rambaut, A. (2018): Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. – Virus Evolution 4: vey016. https://org.doi/10.1093/ve/vey016

Tran, M. D. (2019): Results of a survey on biodiversity of terrestrial plant resources in Cu Lao Cham Biosphere Reserve in Quang Nam Province. – Scientific Report of Project: “USAID Green Annamites/ECODIT”. University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam, 22 pp.

Tran, N. T., Bui, T. V., Tran, V. H., Hoang, H. Q., Le, M. V., Nguyen, H. T. T. & Nguyen, Y. K. T. (2018): [Studying forest structure and investigating the composition of terrestrial plant species on islands in Cu Lao Cham World Biosphere Reserve]. – Journal of Forestry Science 4: 15–28. [in Vietnamese]

Published
2021-11-19
How to Cite
LyT. N., NguyenS. T., MotokawaM., VuD. T., BuiH. T., DangP. H., & OshidaT. (2021). Geographic isolation created distinct pelage characters in Finlayson’s squirrel on isolated island offshore of the Indochina Peninsula in Central Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 67(4), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.67.4.403.2021

Most read articles by the same author(s)