A vidra előfordulása és az előfordulást befolyásoló néhány tényező a Balaton északi vízgyűjtőjén
Abstract
The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is the mammalian apex predator of aquatic ecosystems and a sensitive indicator of wetland health. We conducted a systematic survey of otter occurrence and associated habitat characteristics in late winter 2023 at 104 sites in the northern catchment of Lake Balaton, using a standard otter sign survey and habitat assessment protocol. Otter presence was confirmed at two-thirds of the sites by primary field signs (spraints, footprints), while the proportion of negative sites was high (34%), representing the lowest value reported so far from Hungary using this method. The highest proportion of positive sites occurred along the lake-shore zone (92%) of Lake Balaton, and the lowest in small watercourses (52%), some of which had dried out during the survey period. Otters were most frequently recorded in aquatic habitats deeper than 1 m with dense or patchy riparian vegetation. Among anthropogenic factors, the extent of waste dumping significantly reduced otter presence. Bridges were key locations for detecting signs, but detection success was lowest at pipe-shaped bridges and at bridges lacking a berm. Our findings highlight the vulnerable status of small, human-modified watercourses, which are further stressed by increasingly frequent droughts.
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