Local Governments on the Frontline: The Integrated Role of Municipalities in Climate Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management
Abstract
Local governments are increasingly positioned at the frontline of climate change action, where global challenges manifest in significant local consequences. Extreme weather events, including floods, heatwaves, storms, and wildfires, disrupt municipal services and create escalating demands for enhanced disaster management capabilities. This article examines the dual role of municipalities: maintaining the continuity of critical public functions while simultaneously safeguarding communities against climate-induced risks. This analysis investigates how municipalities integrate climate adaptation and disaster management into urban planning, infrastructure investment, and community engagement, utilising established international frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, along with a diverse array of case studies. Particular attention is given to local emergency planning, the protection of critical infrastructure, and the implementation of early warning systems. The findings suggest that, despite facing significant financial constraints and capacity limitations, municipalities can build resilience through the adoption of innovative technologies, the establishment of multi-level governance structures, and the promotion of participatory approaches. This paper contends that disaster management and climate adaptation should not be treated as parallel processes; rather, they should be understood as interdependent strategies within the municipal framework. Ultimately, the capacity of local governments to synthesise these dimensions will significantly influence both the sustainability of urban development and the security and well-being of citizens in an era characterised by escalating climate challenges.
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