Az Anabaena cianobakterium nemzetség biotechnológiai felhasználása és taxonómiai áttekintése
Kulcsszavak:
Anabaena, biotechnológia, cianobaktériumok, filogenetika, kékalga, taxonómia
Absztrakt
A cianobaktériumok alkalmazási területei rendkívül változatosak, különösen a mezőgazdaságban, az élelmiszer-kiegészítők piacán és a biotechnológiai iparban terjedtek el, de szerepük a biológiai szennyvíztisztításban is egyre nagyobb. Továbbá ismert, hogy bioaktív vegyületek széles skáláját is képesek megtermelni. A cianobaktériumok rendszertani helyének megállapítása korábban morfológiai jellemzők alapján történt. A molekuláris módszerek fejlődése magával hozta a morfológiai és molekuláris meghatározás együttes alkalmazását. Ma a taxonómiai rendszerezés már a kombinált, ún. „polifázikus” megközelítést alkalmazza, ugyanis a fajok azonosításánál molekuláris, morfológiai, fiziológiai, citológiai, toxikológiai és ökofiziológiai adatokat is figyelembe vesznek. A múltban leírt taxonok közül számos jelenleg nem elfogadott és még nagyon sok szorul revízióra. A Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa határozókönyv megközelítőleg 84 Anabaena fajt tart nyilván. Nagyon sok (116), korábban Anabaena néven szereplő cianobaktérium más nemzetségekbe került át, jelenleg 49 a Dolichospermum, 42 a Trichormus, 15 a Chysosporum 10 pedig a Sphaerospermopsis nemzetségekhez tartozik. Az internetes Algabase (http://www.algaebase.org/) 503, míg az NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) adatbázis 559 Anabaena taxont tartalmaz. Jelen szemlecikk áttekintést ad az Anabaena nemzetség fajainak kísérleti és biotechnológiai alkalmazásáról valamint áttekinti taxonómiai kutatásuk legújabb eredményeit.
Hivatkozások
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Geitler L. 1932: Cyanophyceae. Berlin: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Gugger M.. Lyra C., Suominen I., Tsitko I., Humbert J. F., Salkinoja-Salonen M. S., Sivonen K. 2002: Cellular fatty acids as chemotaxonomic markers of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Nostoc and Planktothrix (Cyanobacteria). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 1007-1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.01917-0
Gupta V., Ratha S. K., Sood A., Chaudhary V., Prasanna R. 2013: New insights into the biodiversity and applications of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) – Prospects and challenges. Review article. Algal Research 2: 79-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.006
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2016-06-05
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HorváthN., MolnárZ., & ÖrdögV. (2016). Az Anabaena cianobakterium nemzetség biotechnológiai felhasználása és taxonómiai áttekintése. Botanikai Közlemények, 103(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.17716/BotKozlem.2016.103.1.135
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