Training and Practice – Translators and Interpreters in the Language Mediation Industry

Abstract

In Hungary, university-level training for language mediators began fifty years ago at the Faculty of Humanities of Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE). For this significant anniversary, the Department of Translation and Interpreting at ELTE conducted a comprehensive survey to examine the career paths of its graduates, their employment in the language industry, and their reflections on the training they received in light of their professional experiences. The survey garnered responses from 381 alumni collected via an online questionnaire through the Department’s alumni mailing lists and various social media platforms. We have already reported on the results concerning the status and professional difficulties of graduates in the translation industry in our previous research paper (Robin, Gabányi and Tóth 2025). Therefore, the aim of this study is to also present the additional reflections of translator and interpreter graduates on the training they received, with particular regard to the applicability of the knowledge provided by the Department in the language industry.

The results show that despite the transformation of the language mediation profession and the rise of artificial intelligence in translation services, the vast majority of graduates start their careers in professional translation and interpreting. At the same time, there is a significant dropout rate among recent graduates and novice language mediators—especially those who find independent freelancing difficult and uncertain, or those who are unable to specialise in a particular field, or do not receive sufficient support. This early attrition is particularly concerning given the increasing demand for adaptable and technologically skilled professionals in the translation and interpreting industry. Respondents expressed concerns about their livelihood and long-term career prospects, especially in light of the rapid advancement of technology and the growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in language services. These developments have become defining trends in language mediation, as highlighted in the European Language Industry Survey (ELIS 2025). However, job satisfaction among active professionals remains high, with many citing intrinsic motivation, enjoyment of the work, and opportunities for self-development as key factors in their continued engagement.

Despite the challenges and obstacles, the majority of respondents are satisfied with the skills they acquired and the training  they received during their studies at the Department, considering their knowledge to be relevant to the profession and applicable in the language industry. Respondents were most satisfied with the work and expertise of their trainers, as well as the Department's administration and support, while slight criticism was directed at the technological tools used in training and the preparation of students for the language mediation market, providing clear indication for the main areas of development for the Department and other training institutions.

The insights gained from this study can inform the development of translator and interpreter training programmes, helping to better align curricula with the realities of the language industry. By incorporating more practical, market-relevant components—such as specialisation options, business training, and international project experience—training institutions can better prepare students for the challenges of the profession. Furthermore, fostering long-term engagement through alumni networks, postgraduate opportunities, and collaboration with professional associations can enhance graduates’ resilience and adaptability in a rapidly changing industry. Ultimately, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural and individual factors that influence career sustainability in the field of language mediation. They also offer practical recommendations for improving graduate employability and supporting the long-term sustainability of the profession in Hungary and beyond.