The phreatomagmatic pyroclastic-sequence of Badacsony Hill: implications on the processes and landforms of monogenetic basaltic volcanism
Keywords:
Badacsony, Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, image analysis, maar, monogenetic, phreatomagmatic eruption, tuff ring
Abstract
In this paper we give the first quantitative description and volcanological interpretation of the Badacsony Hill, the most known butte of the Bakony–Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF). Pyroclast / lithics ratio of the pyroclastics were investigated by using point counting image analysis methodology on cutted surfaces of hand specimens. The isometrical shape of different grains allowed to convert the obtained 2D data to 3D volume data. By using this methodology, it was possible to infer to the relative depth of explosions with respect to the synvolcanic surface and to the syneruptive morphology and to identify the effusive and explosive phases of the volcanism.
The results of point counting image analysis and the position and extent of the pyroclastic sequence on the Badacsony Hill imply, that the Badacsony was a monogenetic (probably polycyclic) tuff ring or shallow maar volcano. Such volcanism is associated with interaction of hot melt with groundwater, which trigger shallow explosions. The low amount of accidental lithics within the deposits confirm the tuff ring scenario. Although, such low amount of accidental lithics could be observed within deposits from shallow maars were formed on soft, unconsolidated basement. This model can be possible for Badacsony.
The course of the volcanism can be divided into explosive and effusive phases based on the different composition and on the relative stratigraphic position of the pyroclastic sequences. Based on these results we proposed a volcanic evolution model. Regarding the scarcity of volcanological data on the Badacsony Hill, present results could give a basis for further regional volcanological investigations.
References
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JUGOVICS L. 1973: Balaton-parti bazaltbányászat. - A Veszprém megyei Múzeumok Közleményei, 12. sz., pp. 123–136.
KERESZTURI G., CSILLAG G., NÉMETH K., SEBE K., BALOGH K., JAGER V. 2010: Volcanic architecture, eruption mechanism and landform evolution of a Plio/Pleistocene intracontinental basaltic polycyclic monogenetic volcano from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, Hungary. - Central European Journal of Geosciences, 2(3), pp. 362–384. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10085-010-0019-2
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LEFEBVRE, N. S., WHITE, J. D. L., KJARSGAARD, B. A. 2013: Unbedded diatreme deposits reveal maar-diatreme-forming eruptive processes: Standing Rocks West, Hopi Buttes, Navajo Nation, USA. - Bulletin of Volcanology 75(8). http://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0739-9
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MARTIN, U. & NÉMETH K. 2002: Interaction between lava lakes and pyroclastic sequences in phreatomagmatic volcanoes: Haláp and Badacsony, Western Hungary. - Geologica Carpathica 53, CBGA Konferencia
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MARTIN, U., NÉMETH K., AUER, A., BREITKREUZ, C. 2003: Mio-Pliocene Phreatomagmatic Volcanism in a Fluvio-Lacustrine Basin in Western Hungary. - Geolines, 15, pp. 84–90.
NÉMETH K. 2010: Volcanic glass textures, shape characteristics and compositions of phreatomagmatic rock units from the Western Hungarian monogenetic volcanic fields and their implications for magma fragmentation. - Central European Journal of Geosciences, 2/3, pp 399–419. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10085-010-0015-6
NÉMETH K. & CSILLAG G. 1999: Tapolcai Bazalt Formáció. - In: BUDAI T.& CSILLAG G. (szerk.) 1999: A Balaton-felvidék földtana - Magyarázó a Balaton-felvidék földtani térképéhez, 1:50000. Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet, Budapest, pp. 114–122.
NÉMETH K. & MARTIN, U. 1999: Large hydrovolcanic field in the Pannonian Basin: general characteristics of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, Hungary. - Acta Vulcanologica, 11/2, pp. 271–282.
NÉMETH K. & MARTIN, U. 2007: Practical Volcanology - Lecture Notes for Understanding Volcanic Rocks from Field Based Studies. - Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet, 207, 221 p.
NÉMETH K., MARTIN, U., CSILLAG G. 2007: Pitfalls in erosion level calculation based on remnants of maar and diatreme volcanoes. - Geomorphologie-Relief Processus Environment, 3, pp. 225–235. http://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.3822
NÉMETH K. & WHITE, C. 2005: Víz alatti volt-e a mio-pliocén vulkánosság a Snake-síkság vulkánvidéken (Idaho, USA)? - Terepi megfigyelések, mint az őskörnyezeti rekonstrukció eszközei. - Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet Jelentése, 2005, Budapest, pp. 77–94.
NÉMETH K., MARTIN, U., HARANGI SZ. 2001: Miocene phreatomagmatic volcanism at Tihany (Pannonian Basin, Hungary). - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 111, pp. 111–135. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(01)00223-2
NÉMETH K., MARTIN, U., CSILLAG G., 2003: Calculation of erosion rates based on remnants of monogenetic
alkaline basaltic volcanoes in the Bakony–Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Western Hungary) of Mio/Pliocene age. - Geolines - Journal of the Geological Institute of AS Czech Republic, 15, pp. 93–97.
NÉMETH K., CRONIN, S. J., HALLER, M. J., BRENNA, M., CSILLAG G. 2010: Modern analogues for Miocene to Pleistocene alkali basaltic phreatomagmatic fields in the Pannonian Basin: “soft-substrate” to “combined” aquifer controlled phreatomagmatism in intraplate volcanic fields. - Central European Journal of Geosciences, 2(3), pp. 339–261. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10085-010-0013-8
NÉMETH, K., AGUSTIN-FLORES, J., BRIGGS, R., CRONIN, S. J., KERESZTURI, G., LINDSAY, J. M., PITTARI, A., SMITH, I. E. M. 2012a: Monogenetic volcanism of the South Auckland and Auckland Volcanic Fields. - IAVCEI—CMV/CVS—IAS 4IMC Conference Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 57–59.
NÉMETH K., CRONIN, S. J., SMITH, I. E. M., AGUSTIN-FLORES, J. A. 2012b: Amplified hazard of small-volume monogenetic eruptions due to environmental controls, Orakei Basin, Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand. - Bulletin of Volcanology, 74(9), pp. 2121–2137. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0653-6
SCHOPKA, H. H., GUDMUNDSSON, M. T., TUFFEN, H. 2006: The formation of Helgafell, southwest Iceland, a monogenetic subglacial hyaloclastite ridge: Sedimentology, hydrology and volcano-ice interaction. - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 152, pp. 359–377. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.010
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