Austrian versus Hungarian bauxites in an Alpine tectonic context: a tribute to Prof. Andrea Mindszenty
Keywords:
bauxite, Cretaceous, felxural basin, Alpine, Austria, Hungary
Abstract
The correlation between the Cretaceous bauxites of Austria and Hungary was first highlighted by the pioneering work of Andrea Mindszenty in the 1980s. The physical distance today between these bauxite occurrences, located in the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Transdanubian Central Range, is on the order of hundred of kilometers. However, a semi-quantitative palinspastic reconstruction of their relative positions at the time of bauxite deposition during the Late Cretaceous (Turonian to early Santonian) shows their much closer proximity. Still, the important differences between these Upper Cretaceous bauxites are due to their different paleogeographic settings during their deposition on a subaerially exposed Eo-Alpine nappe substratum. Some other differences, such as porosity, are attributed to the subsequent tectonic overprint in the Alpine edifice. The Austrian and Hungarian bauxites not only record important information about of the syn-depositional geologic landscape but also provide clues about the pre- and post-depositional regional tectonic context of the areas where they developed. The typical setting for many of the Cretaceous bauxites in the broader Alpine region was uplift and karstification associated with the formation of various flexural basin systems. Therefore bauxites, in general, may contain important geologic information about the regional geodynamic processes, as it was pointed by Andrea Mindszenty, in a pioneering manner, already in the early 1990s.
References
Bárdossy, G. 2013: Karst bauxites. ̶ Developments in Economic Geology, 14, Elsevier. 442 p.
Bárdossy, G. & Mindszenty, A. 2013: The Iharkút Bauxite. ̶ Occasional Papers of the Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, 1, 133 p.
D'Argenio, B., & Mindszenty, A. 1995: Bauxites and related paleokarst: tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities. ̶ Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 88, 453-500.
Eisbacher, G. H., & Brandner, R. 1996: Superposed fold-thrust structures and high-angle faults, Northwestern Calcareous Alps, Austria. ̶ Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 89, 553-572.
Faupl, P., & Wagreich, M. 1992: Cretaceous flysch and pelagic sequences of the Eastern Alps: correlations, heavy minerals, and palaeogeographic implications. ̶ Cretaceous Research, 13, 387-403.
Froitzheim, N., Conti, P. T., & Van Daalen, M. 1997: Late Cretaceous, synorogenic, low-angle normal faulting along the Schlinig fault (Switzerland, Italy, Austria) and its significance for the tectonics of the Eastern Alps. ̶ Tectonophysics, 280, 267-293.
Günther W. & Tichy, G. 1978: Bauxitbergbau in Salzburg. ̶ Mitt. Ges. Salzburger Landeskunde, 118, 327-340, Salzburg.
Haberfelner E. 1951: Zur Genesis der Bauxite in den Alpen und Dinariden. ̶ Berg- u. Hüttenmänn. Mh. 96, 62-69,7 text-figures, Wien.
Haas, J. 1983: Senonian cycle in the Transdanubian central range. ̶ Acta Geologica Hungarica, 26, 21-40.
Kelemen, P., Dunkl, I., Csillag, G., Mindszenty, A., von Eynatten, H., & Józsa, S. 2017: Tracing multiple resedimentation on an isolated karstified plateau: The bauxite-bearing Miocene red clay of the Southern Bakony Mountains, Hungary. ̶ Sedimentary Geology, in press
Leiss, O. 1989: Der Bauxit und die lateritisch-bauxitischen Ablagerungen der Tiefen Gosau (Turon/Coniac) in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen. ̶ Zeitschrift Deutsch. Geol. Ges., 140, 137-150.
Linzer, H. G., Ratschbacher, L., & Frisch, W. 1995: Transpressional collision structures in the upper crust: the fold-thrust belt of the Northern Calcareous Alps. ̶ Tectonophysics, 242, 41-61.
Linzer, H.-G. and Tari, G. 2012: Structural correlation between the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) and the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary). ̶ American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 100, 249-266.
Mindszenty, A., 1984: The lithology of some Hungarian bauxites: a contribution of the paleogeographic reconstruction. ̶ Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 27, 441-455.
Mindszenty, A., & d´Argenio B. 1987: Bauxites of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Transdanubian Central Range: a comparative estimate. ̶ Rend. Soc. Geol. It., 9, 269-276.
Mindszenty, A., Knauer, J., & Szantner, F. 1984: Az iharkúti bauxit üledékföldtani jellegei és felhalmozódási körülményei. ̶ Földtani Közlöny, 114, 19–48.
Mindszenty A., d´Argenio B., & Bognár L. 1987: Cretaceous bauxites of Austria and Hungary: lithology and paleotectonic implications. ̶ Travaux ICSOBA, 16-17, 14-31.
Mindszenty, A., Gál-Sólymos, K., Csordás-Tóth, A., Imre, I., Felvári, Gy., Ruttner, A., & Böröczky, T. 1991: Extraclasts from Cretaceous/Tertiary bauxites of the Transdanubian Central Range and the Northern Calcareous Alps. Preliminary results and tentative geological interpretation. ̶ Jubiläumsschrift 20 Jahre Geol. Zusmmenarbeit Österreich–Ungarn, Vienna, Teil I., 309–345.
Mindszenty, A., D'Argenio, B., & Aiello, G. 1995: Lithospheric bulges recorded by regional unconformities. The case of Mesozoic-Tertiary Apulia. ̶ Tectonophysics, 252, 137-161.
Mindszenty, A.,Csoma, A.,Török, Á.,Hips, K., & Hertelendi, E. 2000: Flexura jellegű előtéri deformációhoz köthető karsztbauxit szintek a dunántúli középhegységben (Rudistid limestones, bauxites, paleokarst and geodynamics. The case of the Cretaceous of the Transdanubian Central Range). ̶ Földtani Közlöny, 131, 107–152.
Mindszenty, A., Ottner, F. & Lobitzer, H., 2005: The bauxite occurrence of Russbach-Almweg near Strobl, Upper Austria. In: Weidinger J.T. and Spitzbart, I. (eds). Geologie des Gmundner Bezirks. ̶ Gmundner Geo-Studien, 3, 47-50.W
Noda, A. 2016: Forearc basins: Types, geometries, and relationships to subduction zone dynamics. ̶ Geological Society of America Bulletin, 128, 879-895.
Ortner, H., Kositz, A., Willingshofer, E., & Sokoutis, D. 2016: Geometry of growth strata in a transpressive fold belt in field and analogue model: Gosau Group at Muttekopf, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. ̶ Basin Research, 28, 731-751. eidinger J. T., Spitzbart I. (Hrsg.) 2005. Geologie des Gmundner
Plöchinger, B. 1982a: Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000, Bl. 95 Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut. Geol. B.-A., Wien.
Plöchinger, B., 1982b: Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000, Erläuterungen zu Bl. 95 Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut. 74 p.
Pober, E., & Faupl, P. 1988: The chemistry of detrital chromian spinels and its implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Alps. ̶ Geologische Rundschau, 77, 641-670.
Ruttner, A. 1970: Die Bauxitvorkommen der Oberkreide in den Ostalpen und deren paläogeographische Bedeutung. ̶ Ann. Inst. Publ. Hung. 56, 131-134.
Ruttner, A. 1987: The Austrian bauxites. Their possible origin and their paleogeographic relevance. ̶ Rend. Soc. Geol. It., 9, 281-286
Ruttner, A., & Woletz G. 1957: Die Gosau von Weißwasser bei Unterlaussa. Tektonische und mineralogische Untersuchungen. ̶ Mitt. Geol. Ges. Wien 48 (1955), 221-256.
Schadler, J.1950: Ein neues Bauxit-Vorkommen in Oberösterreich (Rußbach bei Strobl am Wolfgangsee). ̶ Verh. Geol. B.-A. (1948), 136-137.
Siegl-Farkas, Á. & Wagreich, M. 1996: Correlation of palyno- (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates) and calcareous nannofossil zones in the Late Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) and the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary). ̶ Advances in Austro-Hungarian Joint Geological Research, Budapest, pp. 127–135.
Siegl-Farkas, Á., & Haas, J. 2002: Stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of the Upper Cretaceous sequence of the Zala Basin on the basis of the investigation of the Szilvágy-33 well. ̶ Acta Geologica Hungarica, 45, 153-174.
Tari, G. 1994: Alpine Tectonics of the Pannonian Basin. ̶ PhD Thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 501 p.
Tari, G. and Horváth, F., 2010. Eo-Alpine evolution of the Transdanubian Range in the nappe
system of the Eastern Alps: revival of a 15 years old tectonic model. ̶ Földtani Közlöny,
140, 483-510.
Wagreich, M. 1988: Sedimentologie und Beckenentwicklung des tieferen Abschnittes (Santon–Untercampan) der Gosauschichtgruppe von Gosau und Russbach (Oberösterreich, Salzburg). ̶ Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 131, 663–685.
Wagreich, M. 1995: Subduction tectonic erosion and Late Cretaceus subsidence along the northern Austroalpine margin (Eastern Alps, Austria). ̶ Tectonophysics, 242, 63–78.
Wagreich, M., & Faupl, P. 1994: Palaeogeography and geodynamic evolution of the Gosau Group of the northern Calcareous Alps (Late Cretaceous, Eastern Alps, Austria). ̶ Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 110, 235-254.
Willingshofer, E., Neubauer, F., & Cloething, S. 1999: The significance of Gosau-Type Basins for the Late Cretaceous Tectonic History of the Alpine Carpathian Belt. ̶ Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (A), 24, 687–695.
Bárdossy, G. & Mindszenty, A. 2013: The Iharkút Bauxite. ̶ Occasional Papers of the Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, 1, 133 p.
D'Argenio, B., & Mindszenty, A. 1995: Bauxites and related paleokarst: tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities. ̶ Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 88, 453-500.
Eisbacher, G. H., & Brandner, R. 1996: Superposed fold-thrust structures and high-angle faults, Northwestern Calcareous Alps, Austria. ̶ Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 89, 553-572.
Faupl, P., & Wagreich, M. 1992: Cretaceous flysch and pelagic sequences of the Eastern Alps: correlations, heavy minerals, and palaeogeographic implications. ̶ Cretaceous Research, 13, 387-403.
Froitzheim, N., Conti, P. T., & Van Daalen, M. 1997: Late Cretaceous, synorogenic, low-angle normal faulting along the Schlinig fault (Switzerland, Italy, Austria) and its significance for the tectonics of the Eastern Alps. ̶ Tectonophysics, 280, 267-293.
Günther W. & Tichy, G. 1978: Bauxitbergbau in Salzburg. ̶ Mitt. Ges. Salzburger Landeskunde, 118, 327-340, Salzburg.
Haberfelner E. 1951: Zur Genesis der Bauxite in den Alpen und Dinariden. ̶ Berg- u. Hüttenmänn. Mh. 96, 62-69,7 text-figures, Wien.
Haas, J. 1983: Senonian cycle in the Transdanubian central range. ̶ Acta Geologica Hungarica, 26, 21-40.
Kelemen, P., Dunkl, I., Csillag, G., Mindszenty, A., von Eynatten, H., & Józsa, S. 2017: Tracing multiple resedimentation on an isolated karstified plateau: The bauxite-bearing Miocene red clay of the Southern Bakony Mountains, Hungary. ̶ Sedimentary Geology, in press
Leiss, O. 1989: Der Bauxit und die lateritisch-bauxitischen Ablagerungen der Tiefen Gosau (Turon/Coniac) in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen. ̶ Zeitschrift Deutsch. Geol. Ges., 140, 137-150.
Linzer, H. G., Ratschbacher, L., & Frisch, W. 1995: Transpressional collision structures in the upper crust: the fold-thrust belt of the Northern Calcareous Alps. ̶ Tectonophysics, 242, 41-61.
Linzer, H.-G. and Tari, G. 2012: Structural correlation between the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) and the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary). ̶ American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 100, 249-266.
Mindszenty, A., 1984: The lithology of some Hungarian bauxites: a contribution of the paleogeographic reconstruction. ̶ Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 27, 441-455.
Mindszenty, A., & d´Argenio B. 1987: Bauxites of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Transdanubian Central Range: a comparative estimate. ̶ Rend. Soc. Geol. It., 9, 269-276.
Mindszenty, A., Knauer, J., & Szantner, F. 1984: Az iharkúti bauxit üledékföldtani jellegei és felhalmozódási körülményei. ̶ Földtani Közlöny, 114, 19–48.
Mindszenty A., d´Argenio B., & Bognár L. 1987: Cretaceous bauxites of Austria and Hungary: lithology and paleotectonic implications. ̶ Travaux ICSOBA, 16-17, 14-31.
Mindszenty, A., Gál-Sólymos, K., Csordás-Tóth, A., Imre, I., Felvári, Gy., Ruttner, A., & Böröczky, T. 1991: Extraclasts from Cretaceous/Tertiary bauxites of the Transdanubian Central Range and the Northern Calcareous Alps. Preliminary results and tentative geological interpretation. ̶ Jubiläumsschrift 20 Jahre Geol. Zusmmenarbeit Österreich–Ungarn, Vienna, Teil I., 309–345.
Mindszenty, A., D'Argenio, B., & Aiello, G. 1995: Lithospheric bulges recorded by regional unconformities. The case of Mesozoic-Tertiary Apulia. ̶ Tectonophysics, 252, 137-161.
Mindszenty, A.,Csoma, A.,Török, Á.,Hips, K., & Hertelendi, E. 2000: Flexura jellegű előtéri deformációhoz köthető karsztbauxit szintek a dunántúli középhegységben (Rudistid limestones, bauxites, paleokarst and geodynamics. The case of the Cretaceous of the Transdanubian Central Range). ̶ Földtani Közlöny, 131, 107–152.
Mindszenty, A., Ottner, F. & Lobitzer, H., 2005: The bauxite occurrence of Russbach-Almweg near Strobl, Upper Austria. In: Weidinger J.T. and Spitzbart, I. (eds). Geologie des Gmundner Bezirks. ̶ Gmundner Geo-Studien, 3, 47-50.W
Noda, A. 2016: Forearc basins: Types, geometries, and relationships to subduction zone dynamics. ̶ Geological Society of America Bulletin, 128, 879-895.
Ortner, H., Kositz, A., Willingshofer, E., & Sokoutis, D. 2016: Geometry of growth strata in a transpressive fold belt in field and analogue model: Gosau Group at Muttekopf, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. ̶ Basin Research, 28, 731-751. eidinger J. T., Spitzbart I. (Hrsg.) 2005. Geologie des Gmundner
Plöchinger, B. 1982a: Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000, Bl. 95 Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut. Geol. B.-A., Wien.
Plöchinger, B., 1982b: Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1:50.000, Erläuterungen zu Bl. 95 Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut. 74 p.
Pober, E., & Faupl, P. 1988: The chemistry of detrital chromian spinels and its implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Alps. ̶ Geologische Rundschau, 77, 641-670.
Ruttner, A. 1970: Die Bauxitvorkommen der Oberkreide in den Ostalpen und deren paläogeographische Bedeutung. ̶ Ann. Inst. Publ. Hung. 56, 131-134.
Ruttner, A. 1987: The Austrian bauxites. Their possible origin and their paleogeographic relevance. ̶ Rend. Soc. Geol. It., 9, 281-286
Ruttner, A., & Woletz G. 1957: Die Gosau von Weißwasser bei Unterlaussa. Tektonische und mineralogische Untersuchungen. ̶ Mitt. Geol. Ges. Wien 48 (1955), 221-256.
Schadler, J.1950: Ein neues Bauxit-Vorkommen in Oberösterreich (Rußbach bei Strobl am Wolfgangsee). ̶ Verh. Geol. B.-A. (1948), 136-137.
Siegl-Farkas, Á. & Wagreich, M. 1996: Correlation of palyno- (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates) and calcareous nannofossil zones in the Late Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) and the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary). ̶ Advances in Austro-Hungarian Joint Geological Research, Budapest, pp. 127–135.
Siegl-Farkas, Á., & Haas, J. 2002: Stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of the Upper Cretaceous sequence of the Zala Basin on the basis of the investigation of the Szilvágy-33 well. ̶ Acta Geologica Hungarica, 45, 153-174.
Tari, G. 1994: Alpine Tectonics of the Pannonian Basin. ̶ PhD Thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 501 p.
Tari, G. and Horváth, F., 2010. Eo-Alpine evolution of the Transdanubian Range in the nappe
system of the Eastern Alps: revival of a 15 years old tectonic model. ̶ Földtani Közlöny,
140, 483-510.
Wagreich, M. 1988: Sedimentologie und Beckenentwicklung des tieferen Abschnittes (Santon–Untercampan) der Gosauschichtgruppe von Gosau und Russbach (Oberösterreich, Salzburg). ̶ Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 131, 663–685.
Wagreich, M. 1995: Subduction tectonic erosion and Late Cretaceus subsidence along the northern Austroalpine margin (Eastern Alps, Austria). ̶ Tectonophysics, 242, 63–78.
Wagreich, M., & Faupl, P. 1994: Palaeogeography and geodynamic evolution of the Gosau Group of the northern Calcareous Alps (Late Cretaceous, Eastern Alps, Austria). ̶ Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 110, 235-254.
Willingshofer, E., Neubauer, F., & Cloething, S. 1999: The significance of Gosau-Type Basins for the Late Cretaceous Tectonic History of the Alpine Carpathian Belt. ̶ Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (A), 24, 687–695.
