Inter-annual variability in the Aculeata pollinators of Adonis vernalis L.
Abstract
Aculeata pollinators of Adonis vernalis were collected in the spring of 2018 and 2019 to compare the species composition and number of pollinators in different years. 364 individuals were encountered in 2018 and only two of them were males. In 2019, 717 individuals were captured out of which four were males. The number of collected individuals in the same amount of time was significantly different in the two years. In 2019, we collected nearly twice as much pollinators than in 2018. Nine species were observed in 2018 only, nine in 2019 only, while 13 species were collected in both years. Species occurring in both years accounted for most of the dominance, thus the pollinating community can be considered stable. Lasioglossum xanthopus was dominant among the Aculeata pollinators of A. vernalis in both years, while L. marginatum had a subdominant role. The Lasioglossum and Andrena genera were the most species-rich in both years. In 2018, the Osmia and Nomada genera were the least species rich, while for 2019 these were the Ludita and Polistes genera. The daily rhythm of flight of pollinators was different in the two study years as well. In 2018, the pollinators were most active in the period between 12 and 2 p.m., while in 2019 we collected the most pollinators between 11 a.m. and noon. In 2018, the number of collected individuals per hour fluctuated, but in 2019 it continuously increased until 10-11 a.m., and then monotonously decreased. Our results confirm the influence of different years on the species composition, species number and daily rhythm of flight for A. vernalis pollinators. In spite of the often-mentioned recent pollination crisis, we collected a considerable number of pollinators in both years. Conservation management of the studied area and the protection of pollinators are very important to maintain the well-functioning plant-pollinator systems in A. vernalis populations.
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