Clinical significance of bacteria in the human body in practice
Abstract
Background: The microbiome (all microbes living in the human body) is made up of billions of microorganisms and the diversity and integrity of the species in it play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the host. The total weight of the intestinal microbiome can reach up to two kilogram, approximately one-third (30%) show huge similarity between species, however the other 70% have an absolutely unique identifier and are unique to us, like a fingerprint. Several studies have described a direct link between the composition of the gut flora and many diseases such as metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, asthma, etc. The aim of our summary study is to present the microbiome and its modification and to review diseases associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome, as well as positively influencing it through different foods and exercise to promote health.
Methodology: Review Hungarian and international medical databases using the keywords microbiome, disease risk, dysbiosis and probiotics.
Results: The microbiome plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and has been identified as an additive factor in the development of numerous diseases, e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes), autoimmune diseases, neurological conditions (e.g. autism, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), cancers (e.g. breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer). Environmental factors, systemic inflammation, increased incidence of disease, and theconcomitant use of drugs alter the composition of the microbial community, which is further exacerbated by physical inactivity and increased intestinal transit time. With ageing and associated diseases, the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria decreases, while the number of facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococci, Staphylococci) increases, which can be positively influenced by healthy lifestyle, diet and physical activity. Conclusions: It can be assumed that gut microbiome plays a central role in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. The results of microbiome research so far suggest that the ecosystem in the body is the foundation of health and we should do everything possible to maintain its integrity, because with a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and exercise, its composition can be positively influenced and it can be play a key role in health promotion.References
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