Present and future of geothermal energy: State-of-art in Hungary and international outlook
Abstract
The article reviews the role and opportunities of geothermal energy utilization in Hungary and Europe, which, despite its numerous advantages and favourable geological conditions, falls short of its potential. This is being addressed by several EU climate and energy policies, which encourage the utilization of geothermal energy through the expansion of renewable energy sources, with the aim of reducing emissions and strengthening security of supply. In line with international efforts, Hungary also intends to increase the role of geothermal energy, planning a significant expansion of its use and an enhanced replacement of natural gas by 2030. The policies also highlight the importance of the availability of geological data and expert knowledge.
The article also outlines the state-of-art of the European and domestic geothermal utilization, emphasizing the recognized role of Hungary in direct use. It also briefly presents the legislative, data management and government research activities that are intended to serve the enhanced use of the domestic geothermal energy resources.
Looking ahead, both policy and industry scenarios predict significant growth in the field of geothermal energy. To achieve these goals, the development of new technologies – such as EGS and AGS systems – is necessary, which offer great potential, but are currently limited by high costs and technical uncertainties.
